Research Advances in AP2/ERF Transcription Factors in Rice Growth and Development.

The AP2/ERF transcription factor family plays a vital role in regulating rice growth and development. Recent years have seen notable progress in understanding the functions of AP2/ERF transcription factors in rice. Studies indicate that these factors not only control the differentiation of rice inflorescence meristems but also participate in developing organs such as roots, stems, and leaves. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of AP2/ERF transcription factors, their interactions with other proteins, and how they precisely regulate the expression of particular genes still require further research. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in the functional studies of AP2/ERF transcription factors in rice growth and development, focusing on their roles in inflorescence development, grain formation, and the development of roots, stems, and leaves. It also discusses their potential applications in molecular breeding. By compiling recent research findings, this review aims to provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for a better understanding of the regulatory networks involving AP2/ERF transcription factors and their use in rice genetic improvement.