Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40941768›Full record

ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Diagnostic Criteria and Technical Evaluation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Shahnaz Fooladi, Jamal Hasoon, Alan D Kaye, Alaa Abd-Elsayed

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shahnaz FooladiCancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 85991-56189, Iran.
Jamal HasoonDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8227-1864
Alan D KayeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA 70802, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2464-0187
Alaa Abd-ElsayedSchool of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder with several sensory, autonomic, motor, and trophic symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria like the Budapest Criteria, but there are limitations to those criteria, especially for pediatric cases and different clinical presentations. Technical testing-including laboratory tests, electrophysiological studies, sensory and autonomic function tests, and more advanced imaging-provides supportive, but not definitive, evidence. Biomarkers such as certain microRNAs, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies may offer the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy, although they have not yet been adequately validated. New imaging techniques, including ultrasound elastography and neuroimaging, have identified both peripheral and central pathophysiological changes in CRPS. We can improve our diagnosis of CRPS by integrating standardized clinical criteria with technical evaluations and biomarker improvements; this should serve to make diagnosis earlier, reduce diagnostic delay, and promote individualized treatment.

Indexed as

Budapest criteriaCRPSdiagnosispain

Identifiers

PMID40941768
PMCPMC12428113

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.