ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire for Children (BREQ-3C): Analysis of Psychometric Properties.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesIn Spain, a high proportion of children do not meet the recommended daily levels of physical activity (PA), which highlights the urgent need to understand the motivational factors that could influence PA behavior. Self-Determination Theory is a widely used approach for assessing motivation toward exercise, employing instruments such as the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3). However, despite the cognitive and linguistic differences that limit its direct application, this tool has not yet been adapted for children aged 6-12 years. This study aimed to adapt the BREQ-3 for use with Spanish schoolchildren and to evaluate its validity and reliability in this age group.
methodsThe BREQ-3 for children (BREQ-3C) was linguistically and culturally adapted. Comprehension was tested through cognitive interviews, and reliability was assessed via a test-retest with 125 Spanish schoolchildren. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate validity and reliability.
resultsCFA supported the factorial structure of the adapted BREQ-3 for primary schoolchildren, showing acceptable model fit indices (chi-square minimum discrepancy/degrees of freedom (CMIN/df) = 1.552, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.891, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.870). Internal consistency ranged from poor to excellent for all items and the total score of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha (
conclusionsThe BREQ-3C has promising psychometric properties for assessing exercise motivation in children aged 6-12 years. This tool shows potential for use in research, education, and health interventions to understand and promote physical activity motivation in primary schools.
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