Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40940644›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2025

PD1/PDL1 and TIM3/Gal9 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Gal-9 expression on leukemia stem cells as an independent prognostic parameter.

Azza M Kamel, Abdallah M Almuslimani, Eman Z Kandil, Marwa Hanafy, Mohammed Am Samra, Youssef Ms Madney, Randa A Osman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Azza M KamelClinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. azza.kamel@nci.cu.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9744-1851
Abdallah M AlmuslimaniClinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman Z KandilClinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Marwa HanafyClinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohammed Am SamraMedical Oncology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Youssef Ms MadneyPediatric Oncology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Randa A OsmanClinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) which are designed not to activate the immune system to attack tumors but to eliminate the inhibitory signals that block antitumor T-cell responses represents a breakthrough in the treatment of malignancies. However, studies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients are scarce in number and in the parameters addressed. In the present study we investigated the expression of two ICI inhibitors, PD1 and TIM3 on BM T- lymphocytes and PDL1 and Gal9 on blast cells and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in 85 newly diagnosed ALL patients using flow cytometry. The associations and correlations with different clinical and hematological parameters were investigated. The results revealed that higher expression of these markers is associated with poor prognostic parameters in some instances and good prognostic parameters in others. These findings indicate that different prognostic parameters may have different mechanisms of action. The results of Gal9 expression on LSCs are notable. Gal9 expression on LSCs was negatively correlated with the percentage of LSCs% (r=-0.414, P < 0.001) indicating that both the number and the biological characteristics of LSCs should be considered. Additionally, Low Gal9 expression on LSCs was an independent prognostic parameter for both OS (p = 0.016) and PFS (p = 0.034). This finding has not been previously reported. In conclusion this work represents a comprehensive study of some ICIs in ALL. The expression of Gal9 on LCSs may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorGalectinsImmune Checkpoint ProteinsNeoplastic Stem CellsPrecursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaAdolescentAdultAgedB7-H1 AntigenChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGene Expression Regulation, LeukemicHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2HumansB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorCD274 protein, humanGalectinsHAVCR2 protein, humanHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2Immune Checkpoint ProteinsLGALS9 protein, humanPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorALLCheck point inhibitorsGal-9PD-1PDL-1TIM3

Identifiers

PMID40940644
PMCPMC12432999

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.