Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40940526›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Monitoring cognitive load while playing exergames in a four-week intervention for older adults: an explorative EEG study.

Helen Müller, Daniel Büchel, Nina Skjaeret-Maroni, Beatrix Vereijken, Jochen Baumeister

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Helen MüllerExercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany. helen.mueller@upb.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6328-594X
Daniel BüchelExercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
Nina Skjaeret-MaroniDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
Beatrix VereijkenDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
Jochen BaumeisterExercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exergaming combines physical and cognitive components in a virtual game and has demonstrated improvements in physical and cognitive functions in older adults. However, methods to monitor cognitive demand during exergaming remain underexplored. This study investigated the sustained cognitive involvement while exergaming during a four-week intervention for older adults, utilizing EEG. The aim is to explore the impact of exergaming on changes in frontal theta power across multiple sessions throughout a four-week intervention in older adults. 21 independently living older adults (mean age 74.80 years ± 0.81; 8 females) completed a 4-week exergaming intervention where they played two different exergames (Puzzle and Fox) at two difficulty levels. Mean power spectral density in the theta band (4–7 Hz) derived from frontal brain regions at sessions 1,2,3,6,9, and 12 during exergaming. Frontal theta was significantly higher during exergaming across all games and difficulty levels compared to the reference movement (p < 0.01). Performance and the theta power change significantly increased over time (p < 0.001), indicating sustained and increasing cognitive engagement. This study is the first to repeatedly measure EEG during an exergaming intervention, confirming frontal theta activity as a robust marker of cognitive involvement. Monitoring players repeatedly during exergaming provides the basis for effective and adaptive interventions. Trial registered at DRKS (DRKS00034786).

Indexed as

CognitionElectroencephalographyExerciseVideo GamesAgedCognitive EnhancementFemaleHumansMaleTheta RhythmCognitionElectroencephalographyFrontal thetaMotor-cognitive training

Identifiers

PMID40940526
PMCPMC12432128

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.