ArticleScientific reports2025
Exploring the potential of hydro alcoholic crude extract of beeswax as antibacterial antifungal antiviral antiinflammatory and antioxidant agent.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Green extraction routes for conversion of Nerium oleander L. biomass into bioactive agents: phytochemical insights and antimicrobial promise.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Development and Optimization of Beeswax-Coriander Essential Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Encapsulation of Anthocyanin-Rich Barberry Extract.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ensuring the Safe Use of Bee Products: A Review of Allergic Risks and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Apis mellifera beeswax is synthesized from honey sugars and secreted by specialized glands located on the ventral side of the abdomen of worker bees aged 12-18 days. This beeswax possesses various therapeutic properties beneficial to human health. Given the priority in pharmacological research to develop new drugs from natural sources with minimal side effects, the absence of studies on the biological activities of A. mellifera beeswax is notable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition, as well as the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic crude beeswax extract from A. mellifera. The results revealed the presence of the flavonoids rutin (19.39 µg/g), naringenin (69.52 µg/g), daidzein (3.34 µg/g), quercetin (53.69 µg/g), kaempferol (51.88 µg/g), hesperetin (8.13 µg/g) and the phenolic gallic acid (421.13 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (878.80 µg/g), methyl gallate (56.21 µg/g), caffeic acid (8.83 µg/g), syringic acid (8.07 µg/g), coumaric acid (9.80 µg/g) and cinnamic acid (4.94 µg/g) which assessed by HPLC. Apis mellifera beeswax had considerable anti-inflammatory activity percent hemolysis Inhibition was 90.2% at concentration 1000 µg/mL, while indomethacin (standard drug) showed 100% activity at the same concentration. Also, exhibited major antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay which compared to ascorbic acid, the IC
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