Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40940366›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Implementation of nanographene oxide combined with mineral trioxide aggregate and hydroxyapatite biopolymer in regeneration of critical-sized bone defect in rats.

Amr H Abdallah, Nesrine Ebrahim, Samar Saeed, Ahmed N Abdallah, Samar H Elsharkawy, Ahmed I Abdelgalil, Wahid S El Ghoul, Yasser M A Mohamed, Ashraf A Shamaa

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Amr H AbdallahDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt. amr.hisham@cu.edu.eg.
Nesrine EbrahimFaculty of Medicine, Benha University. Benha National University, Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt.
Samar SaeedNational Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Ahmed N AbdallahDepartment of Hormones, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Samar H ElsharkawyDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Ahmed I AbdelgalilDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Wahid S El GhoulDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Yasser M A MohamedPhotochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Ashraf A ShamaaDepartment of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are causing a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery for their inability to heal spontaneously, demanding innovative biomaterials to enhance bone formation. Current therapies, as autografts and allografts, are restricted by donor site morbidity and immune rejection. The current study presents a novel, biocompatible composite material formed of nano-graphene oxide (nGO), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) and designed to synergistically control the unique characters of each component. The novelty of this composite is due to its composition as it formed via the combination of nGO for enhancement of the mechanical strength and the cell proliferation, MTA for its higher bioactivity and its ability for cement formation, while the HAp having optimum biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, this synergistic interaction was not previously explored for CSBD repair. The current study utilized a rat model of critical-sized radial bone defects. The nGO/MTA/HAp composite was manufactured by consuming a modified Hummer’s method for nGO, combined with commercially available MTA and HAp. Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) evaluation at 2-, 4-, and 8-weeks post-operation elaborating the progressive bone formation in the treated group compared to minimal changes in the untreated group. Histopathological examination demonstrated strong composite integration, massive cellular infiltration, and strong signs of osteoblast differentiation, causing approximately 75–85% defect closure at the 8th week. The current study highlights the potential of the nGO/MTA/HAp composite as a biocompatible and osteoinductive composite for CSBD repair, presenting enhanced mechanical strength, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity.

Indexed as

Aluminum CompoundsBone RegenerationCalcium CompoundsDurapatiteGraphiteOxidesSilicatesAnimalsBiocompatible MaterialsBiopolymersDrug CombinationsMaleOsteogenesisRatsAluminum CompoundsBiocompatible MaterialsBiopolymersCalcium CompoundsDrug CombinationsDurapatitegraphene oxideGraphitemineral trioxide aggregateOxidesSilicatesBioactive compositeCritical-sized bone defectsHydroxyapatiteMineral trioxide aggregateNano-graphene

Identifiers

PMID40940366
PMCPMC12432111

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.