Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40940352›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Greenland ice sheet runoff reduced by meltwater refreezing in bare ice.

Matthew G Cooper, Laurence C Smith, Åsa K Rennermalm, Jonathan C Ryan, Lincoln H Pitcher, Glen E Liston, Clément Miège, Sarah W Cooley, Dirk van As

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matthew G CooperDepartment of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. matt@sierracrestanalytics.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-209X
Laurence C SmithInstitute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-5904
Åsa K RennermalmDepartment of Geography, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-7444
Jonathan C RyanDivision of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-1512
Lincoln H PitcherDepartment of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Glen E ListonCooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Clément MiègeDepartment of Geography, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Sarah W CooleyDivision of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-6730
Dirk van AsGeological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-8982

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC17K0374National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC25K7960National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NNX14AH93G
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The contribution of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater runoff to global sea-level rise is accelerating due to increased melting of its bare-ice ablation zone. There is growing evidence, however, that climate models overestimate runoff from this critical area of the ice sheet. Climate models traditionally assume that all bare-ice runoff enters the ocean, unlike porous firn, in which some meltwater is retained and/or refrozen. We used field measurements and numerical modeling to reveal that extensive retention and refreezing also occurs in bare glacier ice. We found that, from 2009 to 2018, meltwater refreezing in bare, porous glacier ice reduced runoff by an estimated 11-17 Gt a

Identifiers

PMID40940352
PMCPMC12432254

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.