ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2026
Risk Factors for 15-Letter Visual Acuity Loss from Geographic Atrophy Progression over 1 Year in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Structure-Function Link of Ellipsoid Zone Integrity and Outer Retinal Features with Visual Acuity in Dry AMD.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA change of ≥15 letters in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is typically defined as clinically significant by regulatory agencies, but risk factors for rapid 15-letter loss in geographic atrophy (GA) are poorly understood. The purpose was to identify independent risk factors for 15-letter loss within 1 year in eyes with GA.
designPost hoc analysis of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.
participantsNine hundred sixty-one eyes (743 participants).
methodsAnnual fundus photographs were graded for GA presence/morphology. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured using the ETDRS chart. Multivariable analyses comprised logistic regression for 15-letter loss within 1 year, based on (1) baseline variables (demographic, BCVA, and GA morphology variables, defined at first time point with GA), (2) genetic variables (CFH Y402H and ARMS2), and (3) GA enlargement rate (from first time point with GA).
main outcome measuresFifteen-letter loss in BCVA within 1 year.
resultsDuring 1-year follow-up, BCVA declined by ≥15 letters in 53 eyes (5.5%). In a model with baseline variables, the risk factors were as follows: age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.14; P = 0.0005), closer GA proximity to fovea (aOR, 0.90 per 0.1 mm increase; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97; P = 0.005), current smoking (aOR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.49-9.97; P = 0.005), and BCVA <20/40 (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.17-3.74; P = 0.013). In a model with baseline variables and genotype, CFH was a risk factor (aOR, 4.63; 95% CI, 1.27-16.9; P = 0.020; 2 vs. 0 risk alleles), whereas ARMS2 was not. In a model with baseline variables and GA enlargement rate, faster enlargement was a risk factor (aOR, 1.12 per 0.1 mm/year increase; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18; P < 0.0001).
conclusionsWe identified multiple independent risk factors for rapid, clinically significant BCVA loss in GA. We also developed clinically relevant models for different scenarios. These can guide the design and interpretation of interventional trials aimed at decreasing vision loss in GA and provide prognostic information in clinical practice. The risk factors for BCVA loss and faster GA enlargement overlap only partially, so that trial inclusion criteria, power calculations, and covariate adjustment should differ according to the choice of a functional versus structural measure as the primary end point. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.