Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40938977›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

On-chip multi-timescale spatiotemporal optical synchronization.

Lida Xu, Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad, Christopher J Flower, Gregory Moille, Alessandro Restelli, Daniel G Suarez-Forero, Yanne Chembo, Sunil Mittal, Kartik Srinivasan, Mohammad Hafezi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lida XuJoint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-3655-7868
Mahmoud Jalali MehrabadJoint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9809-9998
Christopher J FlowerJoint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6248-937X
Gregory MoilleJoint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8117-9580
Alessandro RestelliJoint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1289-3171
Daniel G Suarez-ForeroJoint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2757-6320
Yanne ChemboDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8375-0020
Sunil MittalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8462-1768
Kartik SrinivasanJoint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2589-3688
Mohammad HafeziJoint Quantum Institute, Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1679-4880

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mode locking is foundational to nonlinear optics, enabling advances in metrology, spectroscopy, and communications. However, it remains unexplored in nonharmonic, multi-timescale regimes. Here, we realize on-chip multi-timescale synchronization using topological photonics. We design a two-dimensional lattice of 261 coupled silicon nitride ring resonators that supports nested mode-locked states with fast ( [Formula: see text] 1 terahertz) single-ring and slow ( [Formula: see text] 3 gigahertz) topological super-ring timescales. We observe clear signatures of multi-timescale mode locking, including a quadratic distribution of pump noise across both azimuthal mode families, consistent with theory. These findings are supported by near-transform-limited repetition beats and the emergence of periodic temporal patterns on the slow timescale. The edge-confined states show distinct dynamics from bulk and single-ring modes, enabling clear identification. Our results establish topological frequency combs as a robust platform for independently tunable, lattice-scale synchronization, opening new directions for exploring the interplay of nonlinearity and topology in integrated photonics.

Identifiers

PMID40938977
PMCPMC12428923

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.