ArticlePloS one2025
Botulinum toxin type A success rates and predictive factors for favourable outcomes in paediatric patients with acquired esotropia.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy of botulinum toxin and surgical treatment for acute acquired concomitant esotropia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin type A injection in treatment of pediatric cyclic esotropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in treating childhood-acquired comitant esotropia and identify predictive factors of treatment success.
methodsThis retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative cohort study included children under 18 years treated with botulinum toxin type A for acquired comitant esotropia between 2013 and 2019, with a minimum 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the success rate of achieving horizontal deviation within 10 prism dioptres at 6 months post-botulinum toxin type A treatment.
resultsIn total, 49 children with a mean treatment age 8.10 ± 4.02 years were assessed. The three most common types of esotropia were acute acquired comitant, intermittent, and cyclic esotropia (57.2%, 20.4%, and 12.2%, respectively). The mean esodeviation at near and distance was 42.55 ± 13.39 and 42.65 ± 13.35 prism dioptres, respectively. The botulinum toxin type A treatment success rate was 51% (25/49), with survival analysis indicating a declining cumulative probability of treatment success over time (48%, 28%, and 21% at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively). Significant predictive factors for successful outcomes were pre-botulinum toxin type A esodeviation >30-50 prism dioptres (p = 0.008) and time from diagnosis to treatment <2 months (p = 0.001).
conclusionBotulinum toxin type A demonstrated a success rate of 51% at 6 months with pre-botulinum toxin type A esodeviation and early treatment identified as predictive factors for treatment success suggesting its clinical application.
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