GuidelinePloS one2025
A Model to guide force-based manipulation research and practice.
Guideline in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Manual therapy treatment mechanisms are complex: Challenges and a call to action.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2026Article
- Appropriate translational designs for determining causal force-based (manual therapy) treatment mechanisms.Musculoskeletal science & practice · 2026Review
- Article
- Visual monitoring in real-time improves consistency of 3D IASTM force applied to humans.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Observational
- Technologies to investigate the mechanisms of force-based manipulations: a narrative methods review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionManual therapies are forms of force-based manipulations (FBM) and involve the application of mechanical force to the outside of the body with therapeutic intent. The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) U24 FBM Taxonomy and Terminology Committee (FBM-TTC) was formed to better understand why responses to FBM differ between individuals. One objective for this multi-disciplinary working group was to develop a framework outlining factors that should be considered, measured, and reported when developing and performing studies on FBM.
methodsThe workgroup collaborated to develop a model outlining elements to consider during FBM research and practice. Three different models were proposed by members of the group who voted on a preferred model using a rank-ordered process and refined the selected model based on consensus and published literature.
resultsA 3-dimensional (3D) matrix model was chosen that includes three elements: contextual factors influencing FBM outcomes, structure and function levels focusing on biological and physiological aspects, and force parameters. Each element expands into different components and sub-levels. The model is designed to be interactive, integrative, and dynamic. DISCUSSION: The model provides a framework to guide protocol development for FBM mechanistic research and clinical outcome studies. For example, researchers can design more robust studies systematically varying force parameters by considering other matrix components, while clinicians may develop more personalized treatment plans. The model supports the complexity of mechanistic responses to FBM by integrating the multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impact responses. Detailed discussion of each element is beyond the scope of this paper; however, content experts are encouraged to expand on this dynamic model.
conclusionsAn innovative 3D model was developed to guide FBM research. The framework integrates foundational elements and accommodates new insights, making it a valuable tool to advance FBM science and practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.