ArticleJAMA network open2025
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients and the General Population.
Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Multifocal Cutaneous and MusculoskeletalCase reports in transplantation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Single-center studies suggest that solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (NTM-D) face increased mortality, particularly in the presence of comorbidities such as chronic lung disease. Large-scale studies are needed to quantify the risk of NTM-D and its impact on mortality in this population. Objective: To compare the risk of NTM-D between the general population and SOTRs, stratified by lung and nonlung transplants, and to assess whether NTM-D is associated with increased mortality risk in SOTRs. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 2002, to December 31, 2018. Adult SOTRs were matched 1:10 with general population controls by age, sex, and region. Analyses were conducted from January 2024 to March 2025. Exposure: Solid-organ transplantation. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was NTM-D, defined as isolation of NTM from blood, tissues, or respiratory samples (≥2 sputum cultures with the same species or 1 bronchoscopic or lung biopsy culture). The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality in the SOTR cohort at 1 year and by the end of follow-up (March 31, 2021). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of outcomes. Results: The study included 138 175 individuals (49 611 female [35.9%]; mean [SD] age, 51.87 [12.99] years), comprising 12 564 SOTRs (7674 kidney, 2419 liver, 1257 lung, 584 heart, 563 kidney-pancreas, and 67 multiorgan recipients) and 125 611 matched controls. During the study period, 368 SOTRs (2.92%) and 127 controls (0.10%) developed NTM-D. Receipt of a lung transplant (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 177.34; 95% CI, 79.65-394.82) or other solid-organ transplant (aHR, 8.89; 95% CI, 5.90-13.40) were both associated with increased risk of NTM-D compared with controls. NTM-D by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) were associated with significant long-term mortality in lung SOTRs (MAC aHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.35-2.04; RGM aHR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.59-3.39) and nonlung SOTRs (MAC aHR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.36-3.29; RGM aHR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.07-4.74). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of SOTRs and the general population, both lung transplantation and other solid-organ transplantation were associated with a significantly elevated risk of NTM-D, which was linked to a higher mortality risk. These findings highlight the need for preventive and screening strategies.
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