ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2025
The Combination of Chest Wall Perforator Flaps and Surgeon-Performed Breast Ultrasound: An Effective Synergy to Expand the Boundaries of Breast-Conserving Surgery.
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of chest wall perforator flaps in reconstruction of upper inner breast defects.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Mapping internal and lateral anterior intercostal artery perforator flaps with colour Doppler ultrasound: correlation between preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings in oncoplastic breast surgery.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Shaping the future of breast surgery training in Italy: insights from a national survey.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntraoperative ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery (IOUS) combined with chest wall perforator flaps (CWPFs) is a promising approach to avoid mastectomy, especially for patients with high anticipated resection-to-breast volume ratios (ARR) who would otherwise be ineligible for breast conservation.
methodsThis study prospectively analyzed surgical, oncologic, and cosmetic outcomes for consecutive patients with stages 0 to III breast cancer who underwent IOUS with CWPF-based partial breast reconstruction at a single institution between 2022 and 2024.
resultsThe study enrolled 73 female patients. The median age was 57 years, and the median tumor size was 32 mm, with 43.8% of lesions being multifocal/multicentric. The median ARR was 30.2%. The flap types included lateral intercostal artery perforator (LiCAP, 53.4%), anterior intercostal artery perforator (AICAP, 8.2%), medial intercostal artery perforator (MICAP, 19.2%), lateral thoracic artery perforator (LTAP, 16.4%), and thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP, 2.7%). The median flap volume was 90 cm
conclusionsThe combination of IOUS and CWPFs yielded favorable surgical, cosmetic, and short-term oncologic outcome. This approach effectively and safely expands the indications for breast conservation, avoiding mastectomies, particularly for patients with small-to-medium breasts and an unfavorable ARR.
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