ArticleCancer medicine2025
Place vs. Pocketbook: Associations of Area-Level and Individual-Level Income on Oral Cavity Cancer Late-Stage Diagnosis.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nationwide oral cancer screening and rural-urban disparities in oral cancer diagnosis, treatment and mortality: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Place vs. Pocketbook: Associations of Area-Level and Individual-Level Income on Oral Cavity Cancer Late-Stage Diagnosis.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLate-stage diagnosis of oral cavity cancer (OCC) often results from diagnostic delays due to healthcare access limitations or financial barriers. This study investigates how area-level ("place") and individual-level ("pocketbook") income influence the stage at OCC diagnosis.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with OCC between 2010 and 2013 sourced from Taiwan's National Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance databases. The primary outcome was late-stage diagnosis, defined as those initially diagnosed at stage III or IV. Multivariable analyses were conducted to estimate the association between area-level, individual-level, and late-stage diagnosis.
resultsThis study included 16,652 incident OCC patients, with 6639 (39.9%) diagnosed at a late stage and 10,013 (60.1%) at an early stage. Patients with low individual incomes residing in low-income areas had 1.48 times higher odds (95% CI = 1.09 to 2.00, p = 0.011) of late-stage diagnosis compared to high-income patients in high-income areas. High-income patients; however, in low-income areas had 1.34 times higher odds (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.71, p = 0.02) to be diagnosed at a late stage compared to high-income patients in high-income areas.
conclusionsWhile area-level income plays a significant role in late-stage OCC diagnosis, higher individual income does not fully protect against late-stage diagnosis in low-income areas.
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