Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40937460›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2025

Natural killer cell-based immunotherapies for colorectal cancer: Current strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.

Xiao-Jun Zhang, Yan Yu, Jing-Yu Li, Yu-Zhu Yan, Sha-Sha Jiang, Yi Zhang, Qin Fei, Yi-Ran Zhang, Yong-Xin Zhao, Lei Guo and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiao-Jun ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yan YuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Jing-Yu LiHighway College, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yu-Zhu YanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Sha-Sha JiangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Qin FeiDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China.
Yi-Ran ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yong-Xin ZhaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Lei GuoDepartment of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Jing LvDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China. lvjing-1219@163.com.
He-Ping ZhaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for treating colorectal cancer because of their innate ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells without prior sensitization. In this review, NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, including cytokine therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and adoptive cell transfer, are comprehensively examined, and their respective clinical potential and limitations are highlighted. We discuss critical challenges in NK cell expansion, genetic engineering (particularly chimeric antigen receptor-NK development), and tumor microenvironment-mediated immunosuppression. Furthermore, we explore innovative strategies such as combination therapies, nanotechnology-enhanced delivery, and personalized medicine approaches that aim to overcome the current barriers. The review concludes with future directions emphasizing the need for standardized manufacturing protocols, new strategies to improve NK cell persistence, and clinical validation of emerging technologies, positioning NK cell immunotherapy as a transformative modality for colorectal cancer treatment.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsImmunotherapyImmunotherapy, AdoptiveKiller Cells, NaturalAnimalsCombined Modality TherapyCytokinesHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPrecision MedicineReceptors, Chimeric AntigenTreatment OutcomeTumor MicroenvironmentCytokinesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsReceptors, Chimeric AntigenColorectal cancerImmunosuppressionImmunotherapyNatural killer cellsTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40937460
PMCPMC12421394

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.