Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40937241›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Belonging in Hospital Medicine: Insights From Mapping Hospitalists' Priorities for Inclusive Workplace Strategies.

Hirotaka Kato, Maria I Del Castillo De Calvo, Waliah Muhammad, Celia E Castellanos, Zabu Myint Aung, Mahmoud Amr, Chunling Niu, Clifford A Kaye, Joseph R Sweigart

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hirotaka KatoDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Maria I Del Castillo De CalvoDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Waliah MuhammadDivision of Hospital Medicine, Georgetown Community Hospital, Georgetown, USA.
Celia E CastellanosDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Zabu Myint AungDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Mahmoud AmrDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Chunling NiuDepartment of Graduate Studies, University of the Incarnate Word School of Education, San Antonio, USA.
Clifford A KayeDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.
Joseph R SweigartDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction We aimed to identify priority areas among strategies to foster an inclusive and engaging work environment and to examine how these strategies relate to one another through a needs assessment in a large hospital medicine group. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of an anonymous survey administered in February 2023 at the University of Kentucky, a university hospital in the southern United States. A total of 85 respondents at the Division of Hospital Medicine ranked nine key strategies by urgency, including recruitment, retention, educational opportunities, belonging, psychological safety, inclusive workplace, inclusive policies, equity in care, and opportunities for collaboration. We used unfolding multidimensional scaling (UMDS) to visualize the relationships among respondents and strategies. Results Of the 85 complete responses, the respondents were primarily physicians (60 (70%)), White (51 (60%)), and women (43 (51%)). Retention (3.6±2.6) and belongingness (4.1±2.6) had the lowest (i.e., highest priority) mean ranks. The UMDS plot suggested one dimension spanning from diversity to inclusivity and the other from organizational to interpersonal continuum. Belonging and psychological safety clustered in the interpersonal-inclusivity domain, while recruitment, retention, and collaboration clustered in the interpersonal-diversity domain. Inclusive workplace, inclusive policies, and equity in care were aligned within the organizational-inclusivity domain. Education was an outlier, suggesting varied interpretations of its importance. Conclusion Belonging emerged as a high-priority strategy closely linked with psychological safety, suggesting its role in workforce inclusivity and engagement. Fostering belonging may support retention and promote a more inclusive culture in academic hospital medicine. Clarifying the definition and measurement of belonging can enhance its integration into institutional strategies.

Indexed as

belonginghospitalistinclusionsurveyunfolding

Identifiers

PMID40937241
PMCPMC12422289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.