Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40937108›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health in Africa2025

Anthrax outbreak surveillance and response in Arba Minch, Ethiopia: After-action review.

Yaregal Fufa, Tsion A Desalegn, Negash Abera, Abel Getu, Yonas A Tufa, Yeshambel W Demlie, Ammar Barba, Mesgana Befekadu, Moti Edosa, Anteneh D Aliyu and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health in Africa, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Yaregal FufaCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-5804
Tsion A DesalegnCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-2415
Negash AberaCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-9898
Abel GetuCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7586-9057
Yonas A TufaCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-9664
Yeshambel W DemlieCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-4491
Ammar BarbaCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-6416
Mesgana BefekaduCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7498-2147
Moti EdosaCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5943-6733
Anteneh D AliyuDepartments of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-1614
Zerihun D DoffanaDepartment of Environmental Anthropology, Development and Conservation, Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9545-8994
Ermias WoldeDepartment of Knowledge Translation, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-0276
Yoseph Nigussie FelekeCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3531-8444
Melkamu M MengeshaSchool of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-0136
Dessalegn AjemaSchool of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-2382
Muluneh G GaredewDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8315-3392
Temesgen Kabeta ChalaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-6439
Tolera H WakjiraDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2579-1388
Tigist BeleteCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6777-1035
Fekadu AdugnaEPR Cluster, World Health Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-5806
Nebiyu DerejeAfrica Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-4171
Raji TajudeenAfrica Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-5088
Melkamu AbteCenter of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8081-0121

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Anthrax is a serious infectious disease affecting animals and humans and remains a public health issue in developing countries. Aim: This study assessed the overall anthrax outbreak response and identified strengths, challenges, and best practices during surveillance, preparedness, and response in Ethiopia from May 2022 to July 2022. Setting: Conducted in Arba Minch Town, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An after-action review (AAR) using qualitative methods was performed. Experts included clinicians, public health professionals, and government officials were involved in the outbreak response. Data were collected via focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and observations, recorded digitally. Thematic analysis was used. Results: Strong stakeholder engagement and coordination were evident, with mass vaccinations aiding control. However, gaps included unprepared logistics, poor communication, and insufficient training. Despite anthrax being immediately notifiable, weaknesses in surveillance detection and reporting were found. Coordination was effective with intersectoral collaboration and commitment, leading to a commendable, lifesaving response once initiated. Conclusion: The study revealed effective engagement and coordination but identified gaps in preparedness and communication. Addressing these through capacity-building and stronger preparedness is crucial for future outbreak management. Contribution: This study provides valuable evidence-based insights to improve health preparedness and response in the African context.

Indexed as

after-action reviewAnthrax outbreakoutbreak responsepreparednesspublic healthresponsesurveillance

Identifiers

PMID40937108
PMCPMC12421464

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.