ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2025
Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory infections in US preschool children: a population-based study.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in pediatric respiratory health, yet evidence regarding its role in preschool children remains inconsistent. This study investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and respiratory infections in a nationally representative cohort of US preschool children. Cross-sectional analysis included 3316 children aged 2-6 years from NHANES (2007-2016). Vitamin D status was categorized as deficiency (< 50 nmol/L), insufficiency (50-74.9 nmol/L), and sufficiency (≥ 75 nmol/L). Respiratory outcomes included caregiver-reported head/chest colds and severe infections (influenza/pneumonia/ear infections) within 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary, and clinical confounders. Dose-response relationships and subgroup heterogeneity were rigorously assessed. Vitamin D deficiency prevalence was 8.1%, with 52% of the cohort exhibiting suboptimal status (< 75 nmol/L). Deficient children had 56% higher odds of respiratory infections versus sufficient counterparts (adjusted OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.17-2.09). Stronger associations emerged for head/chest colds (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.09-1.97) than severe infections (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.70-2.18). Subgroup analyses revealed elevated risks in children aged 4-6 years (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.35-2.76), female children (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.80), low-income households (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.10-2.30), and underweight individuals (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.13-2.31). Exposure to secondhand smoke further amplified deficiency-related infection risks (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.12-2.10). Adequate vitamin D intake (≥ 6.7 mcg/day) attenuated deficiency-related risks (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.68-2.76). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with increased respiratory infection risk in preschool children, particularly in vulnerable subgroups. These findings support targeted screening and supplementation strategies to mitigate early childhood morbidity.
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