ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2026
Immunohistochemical expression of Nectin-4 and potential implications for enfortumab vedotin therapy in germ cell tumors of the testis: a preliminary study.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive Profiling of Cell Surface Proteins in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical characterization of somatically derived "yolk sac tumors": analysis of a multi-institutional case series.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Treatment options in platinum-refractory male germ cell cancers: current standards and future directions.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- [New insights from basic research on testicular germ cell tumors and updated tumorigenesis].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A subset of germ cell tumors of the testis (GCTT) shows an aggressive clinical behavior, with chemo-resistance, metastases, and recurrences. Recently, enfortumab vedotin (EV), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4, has been shown to improve the survival in urothelial carcinoma and has been approved for the locally advanced or metastatic cases. We stained for Nectin-4 (EPR15613-68 rb, Abcam) 46 cases (42 chemo-naive primary testicular tumors and 4 post-chemotherapy metastatic recurrences) and adopted the H-score and the specific Nectin-4 score (negative (H-score 0-14), weak (H-score 15-99), moderate (H-score 100-199), and strong (H-score 200-300)) for both the cytoplasm and the membrane. The expression of Nectin-4 was compared between different histotypes by adopting the specific Nectin-4 score and Fisher's exact test. Nectin-4 membrane expression was positive in 14/89 (15.7%) GCTT components, with median H-score of 0 (range 0-120; IQR 0-10). Choriocarcinoma (CHC) (median H-score 29 (range 20-40, IQR 21.25-38.25)) and isolated syncytiotrophoblast cells (iSTCs) [median H-score 65 (range 0-90; IQR 10-147.5)) showed statistically significant higher Nectin-4 membrane expression than the other GCTT components (p < 0.001), with staining mostly observed in syncytiotrophoblasts in CHC and thus mirroring what found in "normal" syncytiotrophoblasts of placental tissue (adopted as positive control). Additionally, 2/4 (50%) post-chemotherapy metastatic recurrences (one Tpt and one YSTpt) and 3/25 (12%) EC showed positive weak Nectin-4 membrane expression. To summarize, our study reveals that only a small minority of GCTT exhibit positive weak Nectin-4 membrane expression. However, a subgroup of potentially aggressive GCTT (especially CHC and post-chemotherapy metastatic recurrences) more frequently exhibits Nectin-4 membrane expression, thus prompting future studies to assess whether these patients may be potentially eligible for EV therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40936013What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.