ReviewEuropean journal of pediatrics2025
Gender diversity dimensions in world pediatric practice: a narrative review.
Review in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This narrative review explores gender identity development in children and adolescents, with a focus on pediatric care. It aims to synthesize current evidence on gender diversity and gender dysphoria, identify global disparities in healthcare access, and examine the role of pediatricians in supporting transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed PubMed articles, consensus guidelines, official booklets, and online policy documents. Additional searches focused on legislative and healthcare frameworks supporting TGD youth across various regions and cultural contexts. Inclusion emphasized sources published between 2016 and 2024. Gender identity typically consolidates in early childhood, though fluidity may persist through adolescence. The review highlights the importance of distinguishing gender nonconformity from gender dysphoria to inform appropriate clinical interventions. Gender-affirming care-ranging from social transition to medical therapies-has been shown to improve psychological outcomes when provided within multidisciplinary, supportive environments. Despite medical advances, global disparities in access to care persist due to legal, economic, and regional barriers. TGD youth remain at elevated risk for mental health challenges, largely due to stigma and discrimination; however, affirmation and inclusion significantly reduce these risks.
conclusionPediatricians play a crucial role in identifying gender-related concerns, providing affirming care, and addressing structural inequities. This review calls for enhanced pediatric education, culturally competent practice, and policy advocacy. Future research should prioritize longitudinal, diverse, and ethically grounded approaches to optimize health outcomes for gender-diverse youth globally. WHAT'S KNOWN: • TGD youth face high mental health risks; gender-affirming care improves outcomes but access is hindered by global disparities. • Pediatric and primary care providers are central in supporting youth and families. WHAT IS NEW: • Pediatric gender research lacks longitudinal data, inclusive tools, and attention to ethics (autonomy, dignity, privacy). • Voices of TGD youth-especially those facing multiple marginalization-are often excluded.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40935934What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.