ArticleCancer research and treatment2026
Analysis of T-Cell Subsets Using Multiplex Immunohistochemistry and Clinical Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients.
Article in Cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- T cell-mediated immune function in gastric cancer: a bibliometric overview of the last 20 years (2006-2025).Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: As immunotherapy has become essential in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), there has been growing interest in T-cells, which play a key role in immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the impact of T-cell subsets on immune responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in GC using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Materials and Methods: Eighty-four GC patients treated with ICIs were enrolled, and we repeated the staining-scanning-stripping procedure nine times to assess different kinds of T-cells or cell-surface immune checkpoints in a single tissue section. Results: The proportions of patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and non-MSI/non-EBV were 8.3%, 3.6%, and 88.1%. A high cytotoxic T-cell (Tcyto) density was related to longer overall survival (OS). GC with a high ratio of Tcyto/total T-cells (Ttotal) and a low ratio of regulatory T-cells (Treg)/Ttotal showed better OS. A high density of programmed death-1 (PD-1)- or TIM-3-expressing Tcyto was also associated with longer OS than a low density of those. Among memory T-cells (Tmem) subsets, GC with a high ratio of memory Tcyto/Tmem and a low ratio of memory Treg/Tmem showed prolonged OS. Better tumor responses were observed in GC with a high ratio of Tcyto/Ttotal and memory Tcyto/Tmem. Conclusion: T-cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment were associated with the clinical efficacy of ICIs in GC. PD-1- or TIM-3-expressing T-cells were also associated with response to ICIs, while Tmem subsets were associated with survival. mIHC is a feasible method for evaluating T-cell subsets in archival gastric tumor tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.