Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40935521›Full record

ArticleHarmful algae2025

Walruses are potentially exposed to paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations that impact their health during Alexandrium blooms in the Alaskan Arctic.

Patrick Charapata, Evangeline Fachon, Donald M Anderson, Gay Sheffield, Emily K Bowers, Robert S Pickart, Peigen Lin, Kathi A Lefebvre

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Harmful algae, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Patrick CharapataCenter for Species Survival, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA; Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: pcharapata@georgiaaquarium.org.
Evangeline FachonBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Donald M AndersonBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Gay SheffieldAlaska Sea Grant/Marine Advisory Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Nome, AK, USA.
Emily K BowersEnvironmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, USA; Ocean Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA.
Robert S PickartPhysical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Peigen LinSchool of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Kathi A LefebvreEnvironmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human HealthP01ES028938 · NIEHS · WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION · PI DAVID K RALSTON · 2018 to 2026
$5.7M
A novel antibody based biomarker for toxicity of chronic domoic acid exposureR01ES021930 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI LEFEBVRE, KATHI, MARCINEK, DAVID J. · 2012 to 2016
$874k
NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES028938NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES021930
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) activity of Alexandrium catenella, a dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), has increased in the Alaskan Arctic due to warming ocean conditions. Arctic wildlife exposure to PSTs due to these blooms remains unknown. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) is a marine mammal that preys primarily on efficient vectors of PSTs (benthic invertebrates), making walruses an important model for assessing PST exposure risks. Here, we used paired Alexandrium data (Alexandrium cell and cyst densities and PST content), and PSTs measured in benthic invertebrates (clams, worms, and gastropods) to construct and validate trophic transfer models of PSTs in a critical Arctic food chain. Further, we used observed PSTs in walrus prey to estimate daily walrus oral PST doses (µg STX eq. kg

Indexed as

DinoflagellidaHarmful Algal BloomMarine ToxinsWalrusesAlaskaAnimalsArctic RegionsFood ChainShellfish PoisoningMarine ToxinsAlexandrium catenellaAlgal toxin exposureEnvironmental variationHarmful agal bloomPacific walrusParalytic shellfish toxins

Identifiers

PMID40935521
PMCPMC12671559

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.