ArticlePoultry science2025
Early post-hatching effects of antibiotics and ionophore coccidiostat supplementation on immune parameters in turkeys.
Article in Poultry science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Numerous factors can disrupt the development and function of the turkey immune system. The post-hatching period is critical because poults are exposed to various substances, microorganisms, and vaccines when their immune system is immature. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether the administration of antimicrobials to young turkeys affects their immune responses. The experiment was designed two-factorially, with four treatments - C (untreated control), M, E, and D -and two vaccination schedules - vaccinated (+) and unvaccinated (-). Groups M+ and M- received the coccidiostat monensin in their diet for 56 days. Groups E+ and E- were administered enrofloxacin, and those from groups D+ and D- doxycycline in drinking water for the first 5 days of life. One-day-old turkeys from groups C+, M+, E+, and D+ were vaccinated against turkey rhinotracheitis and Newcastle disease, and 28-day-old turkeys against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. On days 7 and 56, the levels and relative gene expression of selected cytokines, and the percentages of T cells (CD4
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