ArticleCell reports2025
Repeated emergence of giant microRNA hairpins across invertebrates.
Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
While canonical microRNA (miRNA) hairpins typically bear 30-35 base pair (bp) stems and <15 nucleotide terminal loops, certain miRNA hairpins are much longer. While vertebrates lack long miRNA hairpins, these emerged multiple times within invertebrate lineages. Systematic assessments across >1,400 genomes provided evolutionary insights into the elongation of well-conserved miRNA precursors, which can harbor >1 kb between conserved miRNA and star species and generally form highly base-paired structures. Experiments in Drosophila and humans showed that flies were preferentially capable of maturing certain long precursors, but human cells had a partial capacity. However, neither could handle extreme miRNA hairpins. Finally, analysis of structural variants revealed that extensive stem structure and a local bulge near the dicing site are critical for biogenesis of a lengthened miRNA precursor; the latter likely represents an internal DGCR8 interaction platform. Altogether, we document unanticipated structural complexity in conserved miRNAs and emphasize bioinformatic challenges for their complete annotation.
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