Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40933986›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature2025

Evaluating artificial intelligence-enabled medical tests in cardiology: Best practice.

Jonas L Isaksen, Malene Nørregaard, Martin Manninger, Dobromir Dobrev, Thomas Jespersen, Ben Hermans, Jordi Heijman, Gernot Plank, Daniel Scherr, Thomas Pock and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Recent highlights from theInternational journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jonas L IsaksenLaboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Malene NørregaardLaboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Martin ManningerDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Dobromir DobrevInstitute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Thomas JespersenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ben HermansDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Jordi HeijmanDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Gernot PlankDivision of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Daniel ScherrDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Thomas PockInstitute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
Vajira ThambawitaSimulatMet, Oslo, Norway.
Michael A RieglerSimular Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway.
Jørgen K KantersLaboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dominik LinzDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Machine learning methods are increasingly used in cardiovascular research. In order to highlight opportunities and challenges of the evaluation of studies applying machine learning, we use examples from cardiac electrophysiology, a field characterized by large and often imbalanced amounts of data. We provide recommendations and guidance on evaluating and presenting supervised machine learning studies. We recommend proper cohort selection, keeping training and testing data strictly separate, and comparing results to a reference model without machine learning as basic principles to ensure the quality of studies using machine learning methods. We furthermore recommend specific metrics and plots when reporting on machine learning including on models for multi-channel time series or images. This Best Practice paper represents a possible blueprint to help evaluate machine learning-based medical tests in cardiac electrophysiology and beyond.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDeep LearningEvaluationMachine LearningMedical Test

Identifiers

PMID40933986
PMCPMC12419123

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.