ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
Pitch Clock Increases Tolerated Workload Before Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Major League Baseball.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: In 2023, Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented a pitch clock (PC) to reduce game duration. Concerns have emerged regarding its effect on injury rates, particularly ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears, by reducing recovery time between pitches. Purpose: To assess the correlation between the MLB PC and UCL injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: UCL tear incidence was compared between pre-PC (PPC) (2021-2022) and PC (2023-2024) eras. Data on UCL injuries were collected from publicly available databases. Variables collected included player demographics, advanced pitching metrics, total pitches, innings pitched, and games played. The primary outcome was UCL tear incidence per 1000 innings pitched. Secondary outcomes included UCL tears per innings pitched in the season of injury (preinjury workload innings [PIWi]) and UCL tears per pitches thrown in the season of injury (preinjury workload pitches [PIWp]), pitch count per season, fastball velocity, and pitch selection. Results: There was no significant difference in UCL tear incidence between PPC (0.63) and PC (0.67) eras ( Conclusion: The PC had no observed effect on overall UCL tear incidence but was associated with a higher preinjury workload. These findings challenge fatigue-related injury theories and suggest potential protective effects of the PC.
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