Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40933908›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Successful Transition From Covert, Involuntary Oral Medication to Consensual, Long-Acting, Injectable Antipsychotic Therapy in a Patient With Schizophrenia: A Case Report From Japan.

Yoshiyo Oguchi, Nobumi Miyake

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yoshiyo OguchiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, JPN.
Nobumi MiyakeDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kawasaki Tama Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medication non-adherence is a primary obstacle in schizophrenia management, often leading to the involuntary or covert administration of medication by caregivers. Covert medication, the practice of administering medicine to a person without their knowledge, occurs in Japan within a complex ethical and legal landscape that lacks clear institutional frameworks, posing significant dilemmas for patients, their families, and clinicians. This report describes a case of a successful transition from such treatment to consensual, patient-centered therapy using long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. A 57-year-old Japanese man with a long history of schizophrenia experienced repeated relapses due to poor adherence to medication. For three months, his aged father covertly administered oral risperidone. This ethically unsustainable situation prompted a therapeutic shift. After engaging in shared decision-making focused on the patient's personal recovery goals, such as improving computer skills and living more independently, he consented to therapy with paliperidone palmitate LAI. The transition to LAI therapy resulted in marked clinical and functional improvements, evidenced by improved scores across all domains of the Brief Evaluation of Psychosis Symptom Domains and a significant increase in his Global Assessment of Functioning score. The patient resumed household tasks, participated in community activities, and expressed aspirations for the future, leading to dramatic improvements in quality of life and a substantial reduction in caregiver burden. This case highlights how LAIs can serve as a vital tool to resolve the ethical challenges of covert medication, respect patient autonomy, and align with principles of personal recovery. LAI antipsychotics offer an effective and ethically sound alternative to covert medication in schizophrenia. This approach can strengthen the therapeutic alliance, enhance patient autonomy, and lead to meaningful improvements in clinical symptoms and real-world functioning, providing a valuable solution within challenging sociocultural contexts.

Indexed as

caregiver burdencovert medicationethical dilemmajapanese psychiatrylong-acting injectablemedication non-adherencepaliperidone palmitatepersonal recoveryschizophreniashared decision-making

Identifiers

PMID40933908
PMCPMC12419130

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.