ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2025
Neurocognitive trajectories in long COVID: Evidence from longitudinal analyses.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Towards a Neurocognitive Profile of Post-Acute COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study Integrating Subjective Complaints and Computerized Cognitive Testing.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Trajectories in a Post-COVID Cohort: A Descriptive Longitudinal Study.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological consequences three years post-covid-19 are persistent and have great impact on everyday activities.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Temporal patterns of neurological deterioration in COVID-19 survivors: a longitudinal cohort analysis of post-acute neurological sequelae.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Brain connectivity and its relation to cognitive function in patients with post-COVID 19 condition after mild infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of neurologic symptoms and cognitive associations at 36-months post-hospitalization for COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Observational
- Microtesla magnetic therapy for cognitive impairment in long COVID: a randomized pilot study.Brain communications · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Patients frequently report symptoms of cognitive impairment or "brain fog" after acute COVID-19 infection, but the trajectory of these symptoms over time has yet to be determined. We assessed cognitive function over a 42-month period after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified factors associated with the trajectory of cognitive function over this period. Methods: We analyzed data from participants in the Mount Sinai Health System Post-COVID-19 Registry in New York City, a prospective cohort study of adults followed after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of any severity. Participants were identified from a list of all patients with COVID-19 who received care at an MSHS facility in New York, recruited beginning April 2020 and followed through January 2024. Cognition was assessed using well-validated in-person measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, language, and memory. We used linear mixed models to investigate the relationships between cognitive scores and time. We also assessed factors (including race, ethnicity, site of acute COVID-19 care, fatigue, depression, anxiety, body mass index, medical comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination) that may influence changes in cognitive scores over time. Findings: We analyzed data from 1553 participants (median age 53 years, 63 % female, 17 % Black, 21 % Hispanic). In adjusted analyses, scores from cognitive measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, executive functions, and verbal learning and memory improved progressively through 42 months post-COVID. However, despite the improvements, on average, measures of processing speed and executive functioning remained ≥1 standard deviation below the normative mean. Having a body mass index of <25 kg/m Interpretation: While cognitive impairment occurring after COVID-19 improved over time in most domains, processing speed and executive functioning remained below the normal range. The cognitive health burden of Long COVID is therefore significant and lasting. Future studies should examine interventions to support rapid recovery, as well as dynamic risk prediction models to determine factors that may impact cognitive recovery longer term.
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