ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025
Myopia development: multifactorial interplay, molecular mechanisms and possible strategies.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of outdoor and exercise interventions for myopia control in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- High-Color-Temperature Lighting Is Associated With Activation of MAPK/ERK-nNOS Signaling and MMP-2-Related Pathways in Ocular Tissues.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Light-Eye-Brain Axis: Neurobiological Links Between Mood Disorders and Myopia-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Genetic Architecture of Myopia and Its Implications for Risk Stratification and Prognosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of a recess-based ocular muscle regulation training program on visual function in adolescents: a school-based controlled study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cellular Biological Basis and Novel Breakthroughs in the Pathogenesis of Myopia - A Narrative Review.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Dual trends in physical fitness and suspected myopia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-school study of children aged 6-11 years in rural Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Polarized Light Microscopy-Based Quantification of Scleral Collagen Fiber Bundle Remodeling in the Lens-Induced Myopia Mouse Model.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia is a global visual impairment, and its pathological mechanism involves the complex multifactorial interplay of neurotransmitters, hormones and intracellular signaling pathways. Dopamine inhibits axial growth by activating D2 receptor-CAMP pathway, while GABA energy signals maintain refractive stability by regulating retinal excitation-inhibition balance. Sex hormones and vitamin D play a dual role by regulating scleral ECM metabolism, the former enhances corneal strength and may promote axial elongation during puberty, while the latter exhibits dose-dependent biphasic effects on collagen synthesis via VDR signaling. In the core signaling pathway, the hypoxia-HIF-1α-MMP-2 axis drives sclera ECM degradation, while TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways synergically regulate fibroblast proliferation and migration. In response to these mechanisms, multi-target intervention strategies show potential: low-dose atropine combined with outdoor light can synergically inhibit axial growth. However, while emerging technologies like gene editing (e.g., CRISPR targeting HIF-1α) and targeted MMP-2 inhibitors are entering preclinical validation, their clinical translation faces substantial hurdles. For CRISPR-based approaches, critical challenges include mitigating off-target editing risks and developing safe, efficient
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.