Alcohol consumption, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate: tripartite predictors of 10-year cardiovascular risk progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after COVID-19.

Yizhe Wang, Yu Duan, Yongcheng Zhang, Na Li, Ying Hu, Liping Gu, Yanfang Hou, Yuhang Ma

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Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

Comparison of Risk Stratification Tools for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Primary Care.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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8 authors.

Yizhe Wang *University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Yu Duan *Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Yongcheng Zhang *University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Na LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Ying HuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Liping GuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Yanfang HouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Yuhang MaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the predictors influencing the advancement of 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after infection with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in type 2 diabetes patients, and to provide a theoretical basis for an early intervention program for the cardiovascular dimension of the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM syndrome). Methods: A cohort of 378 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes was analyzed retrospectively. The progression of 10-year CVD risk was characterized by an elevation in the 10-year CVD risk category, as determined by the SCORE2-Diabetes scoring system, in type 2 diabetic infected with COVID-19. Factors influencing 10-year CVD risk progression were evaluated through univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression. Nonlinear relationships between predictors and 10-year CVD progression were assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subsequently followed by an analysis of threshold effects. Finally, the predictive performance of various factor combinations for 10-year CVD risk progression during the post-acute COVID-19 phase in type 2 diabetes mellitus cohorts was measured by area under roc curve (AUC). Results: After infection with COVID-19, 12.2% (n=46) experienced progression in their 10-year CVD risk category. In multifactorial stepwise logistic regression, alcohol consumption [odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-4.34], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.57), were found to be significantly linked to the progression of 10-year CVD risk. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) demonstrated a nonlinear correlation between hs-CRP and 10-year CVD risk progression with a threshold of 3.0 mg/L. 10-year CVD risk was significantly higher with increasing hs-CRP levels at hs-CRP < 3.0 mg/L (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.48-3.55), and the two-stage model significantly superior to a single linear model ( Conclusion: Alcohol consumption and elevated hs-CRP were associated with increased cardiovascular risk progression, while higher eGFR levels were inversely associated with risk progression.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingCardiovascular DiseasesCOVID-19C-Reactive ProteinDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glomerular Filtration RateAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2C-Reactive Proteincardiovascular diseasecardiovascular-kidney-metabolicCOVID-19risk factorsSCORE2-diabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40933377

DOI10.3389/fendo.2025.1609144

PMCPMC12417181

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