ArticleWorld journal of psychiatry2025
Disease duration-stratified associations of thyroid hormone levels with psychopathology in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study.
Article in World journal of psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeuroendocrine dysfunction, especially involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, plays a critical role in the onset and progression of schizophrenia. Alterations in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 have been implicated in this process. Although previous studies have established an association between thyroid function and psychiatric symptoms, how thyroid hormone levels vary with disease duration remains underexplored.
aimTo investigate duration stage-specific associations between thyroid hormones and psychotic symptoms among inpatients with stable schizophrenia.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Zigong Mental Health Center, China, and included 237 hospitalized patients with stable schizophrenia. Participants were stratified into three groups based on disease duration: 0-10 years, 10.1-20 years, and over 20 years. Peripheral blood samples were collected to measure serum thyroid hormone levels. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between thyroid hormone levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale sub-scale scores.
resultsThe relationship between thyroid hormones and psychotic symptoms varied by disease duration. In patients with a disease course of 0-10 years, T4 [β = -0.848; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.564 to -0.133;
conclusionThe associations between thyroid hormones and psychotic symptoms vary according to the duration of schizophrenia (T4/FT3 early; TSH mid), enabling the development of stage-adapted models and management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.