ArticleNature. Mental health2025
An encompassing Mendelian randomization study of the causes and consequences of major depressive disorder.
Article in Nature. Mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mendelian randomization of risk factors for premenstrual disorders.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Atypical energy-related symptoms define biologically distinct subtypes of major depressive disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Is there a bidirectional relationship between the number of unhealthy lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms in adolescents? Evidence from a longitudinal study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- X-Linked USP11 Drives Depression-Like Behaviors by Stabilizing CK2α and Disrupting Mitochondrial Function.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Genetic perspectives on the comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders with cardiovascular disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Article
- Genetic associations and candidate functional genes linking depression and obesity: a multi-omics integrative study.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Associations of Genetic Liability to Six Psychiatric Disorders With Cardiometabolic Diseases.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Triangulated evidence provides no support for bidirectional causal pathways between diet/physical activity and depression/anxiety.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder whose causes and consequences remain insufficiently understood. Genetic variants can be used to study causal relationships with other traits. Here we reviewed 201 MDD-associated traits and performed genetic correlation analyses for 115 traits, two-sample Mendelian randomization for 89 of them, and one-sample Mendelian randomization for an additional 43 outcomes, applying sensitivity tests and power analyses. We show that MDD liability increases risk for poorer circadian, cognitive, diet, medical disease, endocrine, functional, inflammatory, metabolic, mortality, physical activity, reproduction, risk behavior, social, socioeconomic and suicide outcomes. Most associations were bidirectional, although with weaker evidence for diet, disease and endocrine traits causing MDD risk. These findings provide a systematic overview of traits putatively causally linked to MDD-confirming known links and identifying new ones-and underscore MDD as a cross-cutting risk factor across medical, functional and psychosocial domains.
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