ReviewJAAD international2025
Cosmetic and functional outcomes of excisional surgical wounds healed by secondary intention: A systematic review.
Review in JAAD international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Secondary Intention Healing for Facial Skin and Soft Tissue Defects: Case Report and Review of Literature.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Secondary Intention Healing of Extensive Nasal Defects: A Multimodal Approach to Optimize Esthetic Outcomes.Case reports in dermatological medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Data regarding short-term and long-term cosmesis and functional outcomes of excisional surgical wounds healed by secondary intention healing (SIH) are limited. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and assess the cosmetic and functional acceptability of SIH for acute excisional surgical wounds. Methods: Full-text articles queried from PubMed and Embase databases between January 1964 and April 2024 with cosmetic outcome data of human subjects with acute surgical wounds healed by SIH were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Results: A total of 1655 surgical wounds, of which 1518 (91.7%) healed by SIH, from 35 studies, were included in this review. The most frequent indication for SIH was a defect resulting from excision of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinoma), which was identified in 1439 (86%) of patients. Common sites for SIH included the nose (23.3%), periocular region (15.46%), and forehead (13.5%). The majority of wounds on the forehead, medial canthus, lower eyelid, nasal ala, cheeks, lips, postauricular area, and feet resulted in good to excellent cosmetic results, whereas those on the scalp, nasal dorsum, nasal tip, nasal sidewall, and chin yielded less acceptable cosmetic results. Given the baseline variability in cosmesis of primarily closed wounds in some anatomic locations, however, these data suggest the need for future prospective studies. Summary: SIH may produce an acceptable cosmetic and functional outcome for selected defects and may be of clinical benefit in the appropriate setting. This must be weighed against the potentially improved cosmesis and more rapid healing seen with primarily closed defects.
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Registered trials
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