Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40932757›Full record

ArticleBehavioral neuroscience2026

Renewal of conditioned fear in a third context after either extinction or counterconditioning: Testing the effects of sex and hormones.

Samantha K Moriarty, Hannah L Schoenberg, Emily A Rocco, Neil E Winterbauer, Sayamwong E Hammack, Donna J Toufexis, Travis P Todd

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Samantha K MoriartyDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.
Hannah L SchoenbergDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.
Emily A RoccoDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.
Neil E WinterbauerDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.ORCID 0009-0001-2062-2101
Sayamwong E HammackDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.
Donna J ToufexisDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.
Travis P ToddDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont.ORCID 0009-0006-7387-6355

Funding

Cortical circuitry and mechanisms underlying remote cue-specific fear memory and extinctionR01MH118734 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI GULLEDGE, ALLAN T, SMITH, KYLE S · 2019 to 2023
$2.4M
National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Mental HealthNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A series of experiments tested the role of sex and cycling ovarian hormones in the renewal of conditioned freezing after either extinction or counterconditioning. In all experiments, conditioning occurred in Context A, response reduction (extinction or counterconditioning) occurred in Context B, and renewal occurred in a familiar yet neutral Context C. Experiment 1a compared renewal after extinction for male and female rats. Both groups demonstrated robust renewal. This finding was replicated in Experiment 1b, which also included a group of ovariectomized female rats to test a potential role of cycling ovarian hormones. Renewal was present and did not differ between groups. Experiment 2 extended these findings to examine renewal after aversive-to-appetitive counterconditioning. Once again, renewal did not differ between male and female rats (Experiment 2a), nor between male, intact female, and ovariectomized female rats (Experiment 2b). For all experiments, summation testing failed to detect differential context-US associations between Contexts B and C. We discuss the role for cycling ovarian hormones in renewal, noting methodological differences with prior studies, and we also discuss how contexts can influence behavior during either extinction or counterconditioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Conditioning, ClassicalExtinction, PsychologicalFearAnimalsFemaleMaleOvariectomyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySex Characteristics

Identifiers

PMID40932757
PMCPMC12581110

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.