ReviewFuture oncology (London, England)2025
New strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treating microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.
Review in Future oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting inflammatory microenvironments: overcoming therapy resistance and immunosuppression.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine as a potential barrier-oriented sensitization strategy for immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: from resistance mechanisms to translational validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy followed by watch-and-wait strategy in dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer: a multicenter real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- TSC1 deficiency drives immune evasion in colorectal cancer via mTORC1-mediated dysregulation of PD-L1 sialylation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of various solid tumors. Among these, tumor-induced immunosuppression mediated by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) represents a critical checkpoint. PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been proven to exhibit substantial efficacy in solid tumors such as melanoma and bladder cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, their therapeutic effect is more pronounced in "hot" tumors compared to "cold" tumors with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) and microsatellite stable (MSS) characteristics. However, only approximately 15% of CRC patients exhibit microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) features. Consequently, to facilitate the conversion of "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors, this study found that combination treatment plans involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and anti-angiogenic drugs yield superior outcomes compared to monotherapy. This review focuses on recent research advancements in enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in MSS CRC, while systematically elucidating the mechanisms of immune resistance in MSS-type "cold" tumors and their potential therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.