Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40931636›Full record

ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025

Individualized Frequency-Dependent Stimulation to the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus May Improve Antiepileptic Effects in Patients With Focal Epilepsy.

Ying Gao, Hao Yan, Xueyuan Wang, Guiliang Hao, Liang Qiao, Wei Shu, Duanyu Ni, Guoguang Zhao, Liankun Ren, Tao Yu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ying GaoDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0009-0007-2674-4787
Hao YanDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xueyuan WangDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Guiliang HaoDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Liang QiaoDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6405-5332
Wei ShuDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Duanyu NiDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9090-1501
Guoguang ZhaoDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7569-5252
Liankun RenDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5147-3068
Tao YuDepartment of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6885-7105

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82271494Science and Technology Innovatio 2030-Major Project 2021ZD0201605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimA total of 30% of individuals with epilepsy are resistant to drug treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) shows promise for treating drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), but further research is needed to optimize DBS parameters, including stimulation frequency. This study aimed to reveal the optimal frequency for ANT-DBS by testing the real-time effects of various stimulation frequencies on the ANT among patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation.

methodsEleven patients (8 males; mean age, 24.2 years; mean epilepsy duration, 13.5 years) were enrolled. Postoperative electrode reconstruction identified ANT contacts for bipolar stimulation between 10 Hz and 100 Hz at 10-Hz increments, with a 1-min interval between stimuli. The effects were analyzed on the basis of spike count, power spectral density, and causal flow.

resultsOur study revealed that ANT stimulation suppresses seizure focus activity and modulates brain network dynamics, with the effects varying by individual characteristics and frequency. Stimulation at 10-70 Hz reduced spikes (> 50%) and PSD (p < 0.05) in the epileptogenic region while also influencing network connectivity between the epileptogenic zone and adjacent cortical regions, including the frontal, temporal, and insular lobes, as well as the overall brain network.

conclusionsInstead of using a fixed high frequency for ANT-DBS, the optimal frequency should be selected for each patient. Patients who do not respond well to high-frequency ANT-DBS can use a lower frequency, such as 10-70 Hz.

Indexed as

Anterior Thalamic NucleiDeep Brain StimulationDrug Resistant EpilepsyEpilepsies, PartialAdolescentAdultElectrodes, ImplantedElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultANT stimulationepilepsyGranger causal flowpower spectral densitystereoelectroencephalography

Identifiers

PMID40931636
PMCPMC12423552

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.