Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40931609›Full record

ArticleJournal of dental education2026

Teaching Occlusal Splints in the Digital Age: Comparing Student Experiences With Conventional and CAD/CAM Workflows.

Marcelo José Palma-Fernandes, Júlio Ruiz-Marrara, Maria Fernanda de Campos-Muller, Melissa Oliveira de Melchior, Inês Sansonetty Gonçalves Côrte-Real, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, Laís Valencise Magri

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dental education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marcelo José Palma-FernandesFaculdade De Medicina Dentária Da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Júlio Ruiz-MarraraFaculdade De Medicina Dentária Da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Maria Fernanda de Campos-MullerDepartamento De Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Melissa Oliveira de MelchiorDepartamento De Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Inês Sansonetty Gonçalves Côrte-RealFaculdade De Medicina Dentária Da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Jardel Francisco Mazzi-ChavesDepartamento De Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Laís Valencise MagriDepartamento De Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.

Funding

Unified Scholarship Program of the University of São Paulo
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe teaching of occlusal splint therapy in dental education is evolving with the integration of digital workflows. Although digital tools offer operational advantages, conventional methods remain pedagogically relevant. Understanding students' perceptions of both approaches is essential for guiding curriculum innovation.

aimTo evaluate undergraduate dental students' perceptions of conventional and digital workflows in occlusal splint fabrication and analyze the perceived educational benefits and limitations of each method.

methodsThis mixed-methods study included 24 undergraduate dental students who fabricated occlusal splints using both workflows. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Bland-Altman plots, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess agreement on ease of fabrication, satisfaction with outcomes, and likelihood of recommendation. Qualitative responses underwent lexical analysis and were visualized using word clouds.

resultsThe digital workflow received higher scores for ease of fabrication (mean: 9.0 ± 0.9) versus the conventional method (mean: 4.0 ± 1.1), with a significant mean difference evident in the Bland-Altman plot. Satisfaction with results was comparable between workflows (digital: 9.0 ± 0.7; conventional: 8.6 ± 0.8; ICC = -0.416). Recommendation scores favored the digital workflow (digital: 9.6 ± 0.6; conventional: 6.0 ± 1.2; ICC = 0.62). Qualitative analysis associated digital workflows with "fast" and "efficient," and conventional techniques with "learning" and "understanding."

conclusionDigital workflows enhance efficiency and are well-received by students, while conventional methods support critical technical development. A blended instructional model is recommended to optimize clinical education in the digital era.

Indexed as

Education, DentalOcclusal SplintsStudents, DentalTeachingAdultCross-Sectional StudiesCurriculumDigital TechnologyFemaleHumansMalePerceptionWorkflowYoung AdultCAD/CAMdigital dentistryocclusal splintstudent perceptions

Identifiers

PMID40931609
PMCPMC13280425

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.