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ArticleNeotropical entomology2025

Detection of Wolbachia in Natural Populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Infesting Argan Fruits in Morocco.

Imane Mrabti, Hassan Grijja, Hayat Benzahra, Najiba Brhadda, Rabea Ziri, Raied Abou Kubaa, Fouad Mokrini, Mohamed Afechtal

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Article in Neotropical entomology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Imane MrabtiLab of Virology, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Kenitra, Morocco. imane.mrabti@uit.ac.ma.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-4291
Hassan GrijjaLab of Virology, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Kenitra, Morocco.
Hayat BenzahraLab of Virology, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Kenitra, Morocco.
Najiba BrhaddaLab of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Univ Ibn Toufail, Kenitra, Morocco.
Rabea ZiriLab of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Univ Ibn Toufail, Kenitra, Morocco.
Raied Abou KubaaDept of Plant Pathology, Foundation Plant Services, Univ of California, Davis, USA.
Fouad MokriniLab of Nematology, Biotechnology Research Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco.
Mohamed AfechtalLab of Virology, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Kenitra, Morocco.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels), native to the sub-Saharan region of Morocco, is an endangered agroforestry species renowned for producing one of the world's most expensive and sought-after oils. However, this valuable resource is threatened by the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)), an invasive pest worldwide. Like other dipteran insects, C. capitata has developed mutualistic interactions with prokaryotic endosymbionts, including Wolbachia, a facultative intracellular bacterium that could play a role in the biology of this pest. Between 2022 and 2024, a field survey was conducted in the argan forests of Agadir, southern Morocco, to detect Wolbachia in natural populations of C. capitata and investigate its potential impact on this pest. A total of eighteen wild type specimens were captured to investigate the endosymbionts of this insect pest. Detection of Wolbachia was carried out by PCR using a primer pair targeting a specific fragment within the cox gene. Amplicons of the expected size were sequenced in both directions, and one sequence was deposited in the GenBank under accession Number PQ285444. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the obtained sequence belongs to the monophyletic clade of the Wolbachia B supergroup, known to infect a variety of insect species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the bacterium being detected and characterized in natural populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly infesting argan fruits in the country. These findings open new perspectives for integrated biological control strategies, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides for managing this insect pest species in Morocco.

Indexed as

Ceratitis capitataSapotaceaeWolbachiaAnimalsFruitMoroccoSymbiosisArgania spinosaCeratitis capitataEndosymbiontWolbachia

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.