Generative AI in perioperative medicine and anesthesiology: ethical integration, educational innovation, and the future of clinical professionalism.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming perioperative medicine, particularly anesthesiology, by enabling novel applications, such as real-time data synthesis, individualized risk prediction, and automated documentation. These capabilities enhance clinical decision-making, patient communication, and workflow efficiency in the operating room. In education, generative AI offers immersive simulations and tailored learning experiences that improve both technical skills and professional judgment. However, overreliance without critical appraisal may compromise patient safety and humanistic care. This paper introduces a novel professionalism framework for anesthesiology in the AI era, comprising three pillars: critical AI literacy, human-centered care, and digital accountability. The model supports resident training, certification, and lifelong learning by integrating AI competencies with ethical awareness and reflective practice. By encouraging anesthesiologists to critically engage with AI tools, the framework ensures safe, effective, and compassionate perioperative care.