ReviewVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2025
Immunohistochemistry for PTEN testing in HR +/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.
Review in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploratory Analysis of PTEN Deficiency by Immunohistochemistry from the Phase III CAPItello-291 Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- miR-155 Directly Targets MARCH7 and Modulates Viability and Invasive Phenotypes in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Liquid biopsy in solid tumours: expert opinion paper of the European society of pathology.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- The impact of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway on trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Integrating PIK3CA Testing into Clinical Practice for Advanced HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer: An Expert Consensus.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The PTEN tumor suppressor regulates the PIK3CA/AKT1 pathway, and its inactivation significantly contributes to tumorigenesis and progression in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR + /HER2 -) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In ~ 5% of these patients, PTEN loss, primarily due to gene deletions, leads to aberrant PI3K signaling and enhanced oncogenic potential. Findings from the CAPItello-291 study further establish PTEN together with PIK3CA and AKT1 as a predictive biomarker for Capivasertib, a pan-AKT inhibitor, in these patients. Despite next-generation sequencing (NGS) being the most precise method for detecting gene losses, immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers some advantages, including accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and applicability when archival tissue is inadequate for NGS or when pre-analytical failure occurs. Notably, recent evidence supports a pragmatic IHC positivity criterion, defining PTEN deficiency as staining in less than 10% of tumor cells, regardless of intensity. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical scenarios associated with PTEN IHC testing in HR + /HER2 - MBC, outline best practices to minimize the impact of pre-analytical and analytical variability, and propose a structured pathology report to standardize PTEN IHC evaluation in this context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.