ArticleScience advances2025
Skin-adaptive focused flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers for wearable cardiovascular health monitoring.
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Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Materials-Structure-Hardware-Algorithm Co-Driven Hierarchical Optimization for Flexible Sensors.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Wearable ultrasound: a review of core technologies and clinical applications in cardiovascular monitoring.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Flexible bioelectronic sensors promote the advancement of wearable ultrasound technology in the medicine.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Augmenting ultrasound for continuous glucose monitoring via a wearable acoustically readable microneedle patch.Science advances · 2026Article
- Advances and Prospects of Wearable Ultrasound Devices.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Ultrasound Patches Toward Intelligent Theranostics: From Flexible Materials to Closed-Loop Biomedical Systems.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ultrasound in Women's Health: Mechanisms, Applications, and Emerging Opportunities.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Current perspectives and challenges of digital hypertension: artificial intelligence in the management of hypertension.Clinical hypertension · 2026Review
- Prospect of Wearable Ultrasound.BME frontiers · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Jiawei YuanState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9531-8203
Zhikang LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7017-0097
Yihe ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Ruiyan LuoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0009-0006-4655-7076
Shaohui QinState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Jie LiCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
Min LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Gengyu HanDepartment of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2553-2583
Zixuan LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Zilong ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Jiazhu LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Shiwang ZhangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Zheng YuanState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Xiangguang HanState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Lihong FanThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Xiaozhang WangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7024-1403
Tong WangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Ping YangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Libo ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6101-8173
Lirong YuanNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Yi LvNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3636-6664
Rongqian WuNational Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0993-4531
Tzung K HsiaiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1734-0792
Zhuangde JiangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme Environments, Shaanxi Provincial University Engineering Research Center for Micro/Nano Acoustic Devices and Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of cardiovascular vital signs can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet cannot be implemented by current technologies because of device bulkiness and rigidity. Here, we report self-adhesive and skin-conformal ultrasonic transducer arrays that enable wearable monitoring of multiple hemodynamic parameters without interfering with daily activities. A skin-adaptive focused ultrasound method with rational array design is proposed to implement measurement under wide ranges of skin curvatures and depths with improved sensing performances. We introduce a self-adhesive hydrogel layer to enhance the acoustic impedance matching, biocompatibility and contact reliability at device-skin interfaces, and a microelectromechanical systems-compatible process for batch-to-batch and high-consistency manufacturing. The resultant transducer array, with a frequency of 2.4 megacycles per second and a -6 dB bandwidth of 47%, implements accurate and continuous detection of cardiovascular signs, including blood pressure (BP) waveforms of various arteries, heart rate and BP during exercises, and arterial stiffness, validated clinically.
Indexed as
Cardiovascular DiseasesSkinTransducersWearable Electronic DevicesBlood PressureCardiovascular SystemEquipment DesignHeart RateHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicUltrasonography
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