ArticlePLOS global public health2025
No negative effect of mentioning COVID-19 vaccine in influenza vaccine encouragements: Evidence from a survey experiment.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
It is possible that the negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination developed by some people, such as self-identified Republicans, might spill over toward other vaccines. We conducted a survey experiment to investigate if mentioning COVID-19 vaccine in messages encouraging seasonal flu vaccination will negatively affect people's attitudes toward receiving a flu vaccine. The experiment was embedded in a survey fielded in South Dakota in April 2024. Participants were registered voters in the state. We used difference-of-means tests and logistic regression to analyze the data. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the participants in control and treatment groups regarding the likelihood of receiving a flu vaccine (OR: 1.012, CI: 0.594 - 1.724) or their belief in the safety of the flu vaccine (OR: 1.333, CI: 0.707- 2.511). We observed the same patterns when we only looked at Republicans. Attitudes toward flu vaccination were primarily driven by peoples' current flu vaccination status. We found that mentioning COVID-19 vaccines in flu vaccination messages did not negatively affect people's attitudes toward flu vaccine. Public health workers and officials might not need to shy away from mentioning COVID-19 vaccines when communicating other vaccines.
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