Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40928312›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025

Altered Corneal T-Cell Motility and Sensory Nerve Features in Older Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Senuri Karunaratne, Mengliang Wu, Xinru Yu, Stephen J Kent, Julie Silvers, Phillip Bedggood, Andrew Metha, Scott N Mueller, Kevin J Selva, Amy W Chung and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Senuri KarunaratneDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Mengliang WuDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Xinru YuDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Stephen J KentDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Julie SilversMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Phillip BedggoodDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Andrew MethaDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Scott N MuellerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Kevin J SelvaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Amy W ChungDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Holly R ChinneryDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Bao N NguyenDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Laura E DownieDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize corneal immune cell morphodynamics and nerve features, and define the in vivo immune landscape in older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), relative to healthy age-matched adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 HIV-positive individuals receiving ART and 15 age-matched controls underwent ocular surface examinations and functional in vivo confocal microscopy (Fun-IVCM). Time-lapsed videos were created to analyze corneal immune cells (T cells, dendritic cells [DCs], macrophages). Subclinical indicators of corneal health (sensory nerve and endothelial cell features), clinical ocular surface findings, and tear cytokines (analyzed using multiplex bead-based immunoassay) were compared between groups. Results: Participants comprised mostly males (HIV 71 ± 5 years; male:female 15:1; controls 67 ± 6 years; 14:1). The HIV-positive group showed less T-cell motility at the corneal whorl relative to the control group (P = 0.01), and region-dependent differences in T-cell speed (P = 0.001) and DC area (P < 0.001). The HIV-positive group showed greater central corneal nerve fiber width (P = 0.004) and larger endothelial cells (P = 0.02). Clinical findings, corneal immune cell densities, and tear cytokine profiles were similar between groups. Conclusions: Among older individuals with well-controlled HIV infection and clinically-normal ocular surface health, this study identifies subclinical group differences in corneal immune cells (potentially indicative of a heightened, pro-inflammatory activation state in the peripheral cornea) and corneal endothelial cell morphology that parallel those in chronic inflammatory disease. This study demonstrates the utility of Fun-IVCM to evaluate subclinical immune cell features in systemic disease, which could inform the future identification of biomarkers in immune-related conditions.

Indexed as

Cell MovementCorneaHIV InfectionsSensory Receptor CellsT-LymphocytesAgedCross-Sectional StudiesCytokinesDendritic CellsFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopy, ConfocalMiddle AgedTearsCytokines

Identifiers

PMID40928312
PMCPMC12429680

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.