ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2026
Efficacious suppression of primary and metastasized liver tumors by polyIC-loaded lipid nanoparticles.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Steatotic liver disease in Latin America: current views and perspectives.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Poly(I:C) Lipoamino Bundle LNPs Induce Tumor Cytotoxicity and Immune Activation with Enhanced Efficacy by Survivin Silencing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- EGFR-targeted affibody-polyIC polyplex kills EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells without activating the EGFR.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSo far, there is no effective mechanism-based therapeutic agent tailored for liver tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated limited efficacy in liver cancer, often associated with severe adverse effects. Although poly-inosinic:cytidylic acid (polyIC) has shown an adjuvant effect when combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) in treating liver tumors in animal models, its systemic toxicity limits its clinical utility. To address this challenge, the original goal of this study was to develop a liver-targeted strategy to minimize toxicity. METHODS AND
resultsWe constructed lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating polyIC for selective delivery to the liver and evaluated the tumor-suppressive effects of polyIC-LNPs, free polyIC, and/or αPD-L1 in multiple murine liver tumor models. We also analyzed changes in the hepatic immune microenvironment using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. Surprisingly, polyIC-LNPs alone robustly suppressed both primary and metastatic liver tumors, independent of αPD-L1. Even a single dose of polyIC-LNPs was sufficient to control liver tumor progression. Primarily taken up by hepatocytes, polyIC-LNPs induced sustained type I interferon signaling, reshaped the hepatic immune landscape, and promoted CD8 + T cell infiltration and activation by enhancing the maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDC1), ultimately resulting in a potent antitumor response.
conclusionsContrary to our original goal, we unexpectedly found that polyIC-LNPs function as an efficacious monotherapy tailored for liver cancer, capable of coordinately modulating antitumor immunity. This novel approach eliminates the need for ICIs, thereby addressing key limitations of current immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.