ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Progress in immunoregulatory mechanisms during distraction osteogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Adaptive hydrogel platforms for infected bone defect repair: microenvironmental responsiveness, osteoimmunomodulation, and regenerative remodeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bone transport in the management of fracture-related infection: current concepts and innovations.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Review
- Three-dimensionally printed mesoporous bioactive glass for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration: Material evolution, functional mechanisms, and clinical translation.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an endogenous bone tissue engineering technique that harnesses the regenerative potential of bone and has been widely applied in limb lengthening, bone defect repair, and craniofacial reconstruction. The DO procedure consists of three distinct phases: the latency phase, the distraction phase, and the consolidation phase, each characterized by unique biological processes. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the immune system during DO. Emerging evidence demonstrates that immune cells exhibit dynamic and temporally regulated changes throughout the different phases of DO. Moreover, immunomodulatory clinical interventions-such as the regulation of immune-related factors and the application of bioactive materials-are becoming promising strategies for optimizing DO outcomes. This review aims to summarize the temporal characteristics of immune regulation during DO, elucidate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of various immune cells involved, and explore the potential of immunomodulatory biomaterials, thereby providing novel insights for improving DO-based therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.