ArticleJournal of cannabis research2025
Medical cannabis legalization and the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Crossed Pathways: Tobacco-Cannabis Co-Use and Motivation to Quit in Young Adults in France.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAmidst the global shift toward cannabis legalization, this study examines medical cannabis (MC) sales as an indicator of economic activity and innovation. It explores associations between MC sales, and variables including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis prevalence, and gross domestic product (GDP), using a fixed effects (FE) panel regression model. It also evaluates associations between cannabis legalization and MC sales over time using a dynamic Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach with multiple time periods.
methodsPanel data from 20 countries, including 14 with legalized medical cannabis and 6 without, are analyzed. The dynamic DiD approach estimates the average association for legalizing countries across multiple time periods, enabling comparisons of post-legalization outcomes with those of non-legalizing countries. RESULTS AND
conclusionsThe findings indicate a strong negative association between tobacco use and MC sales, while cannabis consumption shows a positive association with MC markets. Amphetamine use is negatively associated with MC sales, suggesting substitution dynamics. Legalization is associated with an average annual increase of 26.06 tons of MC sales in legalizing countries. Event study estimates confirm a sustained growth trajectory in MC sales following legalization. A robustness check, which excludes the United States-a major outlier in market size-yields a slightly lower average effect of 20.05 but still supports the persistent market expansion. Given the ecological nature of the design, these results should be interpreted as population-level associations rather than individual-level causal effects. Nonetheless, they highlight the potential economic relevance of cannabis legalization in expanding regulated markets and reshaping consumer behavior. The study contributes to debates on legalization, public health, and economic policy by providing empirical evidence on the associations between legal reforms and market dynamics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.