ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2025
Gut-derived indole propionic acid alleviates liver fibrosis by targeting profibrogenic macrophages via the gut‒liver axis.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Indole-3-Propionic Acid Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via AHR/AMPK Signaling Activation.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Bacterial Metabolite Lndole-3-Propionic Acid Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Partly through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Hepatic immunometabolic signatures associated with the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio reveal sex-dependent patterns in yellow-legged ma chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides: potential therapeutic agents against hepatic fibrosis.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Gut-Liver Axis Mechanisms Underlying Spontaneous Reversal of Liver Fibrosis: A Gut Microbiota-Metabolomics Analysis.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Developmental Programming: Bridging Early-Life Gut Microbiota to Childhood Metabolic Disorders.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Microbial regulation of intestinal stem cell function: implications for alleviating intestinal injury of weaned piglets.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- From metabolic antagonism to homeostatic restoration: rewiring hepatic stellate cell bioenergetics for liver fibrosis reversal.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Microbial metabolic memory in inflammatory bowel disease: microbiota-derived metabolites, host-microbe reprogramming, and relapse susceptibility.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolism in liver transplantation immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microbiome and metabolite signatures for cirrhosis to HCC risk stratification: progress, controversies, and gaps.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Alhagi honey polysaccharide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via modulating the gut microbiota-liver metabolism axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- DNA-programmed cell assembly: from cells, tissues to organoids.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
Gut-derived metabolites are essential for liver fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the alteration of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a crucial tryptophan metabolite, in liver fibrosis and delineate the roles of enterogenic IPA in fibrogenesis. In the present study, metabolomics assays focused on tryptophan metabolism were applied to explore the decreased levels of IPA in the feces and serum of cirrhotic patients, as well as in the feces and portal vein serum of fibrotic mice. Oral IPA administration exerted strong antifibrotic effects with favorable biosafety in three fibrotic models via multicellular modulation. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining and DAOSLIMIT imaging demonstrated that gut-derived IPA was directly captured by hepatic macrophages. Macrophage-specific AhR knockout blocked the antifibrotic effect of IPA, while the therapeutic efficacy was maintained in mice with HSC- or hepatocyte-specific AhR depletion. Furthermore, IPA governed macrophage recruitment, S100A8/A9
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