ArticleArchives of environmental contamination and toxicology2025
Investigation of Anthropogenic and Emerging Contaminants in Sinkholes (Cenotes) of the Great Mayan Aquifer, Yucatán Peninsula.
Article in Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Culturable Ampicillin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Ring of Cenotes Aquifer, Yucatán, Mexico.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Environmental Fate of Emerging Contaminants and Their Transformation Products in Mexican Aquatic Systems: Distribution, Persistence, Monitoring Gaps, and Removal.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Metals and Geochemical Indexes in Sediments of a Karstic Coastal Tropical Lagoon: Evaluating the Ecological Risk in Celestun, Yucatan, Mexico.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Karst water bodies are vital groundwater resources particularly vulnerable to pollution. Protecting their water quality requires documenting contaminants traditionally associated with anthropogenic activities (metals, nutrients, and fecal indicator bacteria) as well as emerging contaminants, such as antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study detected contaminants in karst-associated water bodies on the Yucatán Peninsula, including 10 sinkholes (cenotes) and one submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) site. The concentrations of metals (strontium, cadmium, nickel, lead), nutrients (phosphate, silicate, ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite), and fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli) were consistent with previous reports, sometimes exceeding recommended standards for groundwater or the protection of aquatic life. This included elevated lead (80.3 µg/L) and nitrate (413 μmol/L) concentrations at two cenotes, and elevated E. coli levels (167 - 1800 CFU/100 mL) in five cenotes. Additionally, 34 antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains were identified in nine cenotes and most strains were multidrug-resistant. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were also detected in eight cenotes and the SGD, with total PFAS concentrations from 0.68 to 10.71 ng/L. The absence of associations between contaminants and urban cover suggests karst hydrology influences contaminant cycling-stable isotope signatures (δ
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