Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40925525›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2026

Programmed death-ligand 1 on ex vivo-expanded toll-like-receptor-Bregs prevents allograft rejection by Breg viability promotion, CD4

Minxue Liao, Jing Liu, Kang Mi Lee, Katsuhiro Tomofuji, Naoki Tanimine, Caroline Markmann, Kevin Deng, Rudy Matheson, Matthew Yu, Olivia Bourgeois and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Minxue LiaoDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Jing LiuDepartment of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kang Mi LeeCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Katsuhiro TomofujiCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Naoki TanimineCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Caroline MarkmannDepartment of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kevin DengCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Rudy MathesonCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Matthew YuCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Olivia BourgeoisCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Liang WeiClinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
Anil KhargaCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Heidi YehCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Christian LeguernCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shaoping DengClinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
Ji LeiCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: JLEI2@mgh.harvard.edu.
Thiago J BorgesCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leonardo V RiellaCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Gaoping ZhaoDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: gzhao@uestc.edu.cn.
James F MarkmannCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: James.Markmann@Pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

Mechanisms of B Cell-Dependent Transplantation ToleranceR01AI057851 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI JAMES FRANCIS MARKMANN · 2006 to 2026
$8.9M
Liver Xenotransplantation using CRISPR-modified Porcine OrgansU01AI146248 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MARKMANN, JAMES FRANCIS · 2021 to 2024
$3.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI057851NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI146248
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving immune tolerance is a key goal in organ transplantation, as it eliminates the need for long-term immunosuppression. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) present a promising strategy for inducing tolerance. Our previous findings demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded murine splenic B regulatory cells, referred to as Toll-like receptor-Bregs (TLR-Bregs) (Toll-like receptors 9 and 4 stimulated), induces tolerance to allografts. Here, we identified that circulating T cells increase programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression after TLR-Breg cellular therapy. To investigate whether programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 signaling is involved in tolerance induction by TLR-Bregs, we generated TLR-Bregs from wild-type or PD-L1-deficient B6 splenocytes and assessed their regulatory functions. Our findings revealed that TLR-Bregs express high levels of PD-L1 and extend graft survival via a PD-L1-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, PD-L1 enhances the activation and survival of TLR-Bregs; PD-L1 is required for TLR-Bregs to induce PD-1 expression and an optimal inhibition of effector CD4

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenB-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesGraft RejectionT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryToll-Like ReceptorsAllograftsAnimalsCell SurvivalGraft SurvivalImmune ToleranceMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLB7-H1 AntigenCd274 protein, mouseToll-Like Receptorscostimulationimmunoregulationprogrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)regulatory B cells (Bregs)tolerance

Identifiers

PMID40925525
PMCPMC12951414

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.